INS Vishal: India’s 4th Aircraft Carrier and Future Naval Superpower

Since the ancient times, In past history India dominated the sea, now as  5th largest economy in the world Indian navy is going to acquire INS Vishal India’s 4th aircraft carrier and the future of naval power will be represented in battlegroups in three sides of ocean. After successful induction of  INS Vikrant  in 2022, Navy is now focusing on INS Vishal – India’s proposed 4th aircraft carrier.

INS Vishal Latest Update 2025

In recent events MoD Included INS Vishal in its 15‑year Technology Perspective and Capability Roadmap 2025 (TPCR‑2025)
Based on the latest information, here are the expected specifications of INS Vishal:

Fighter Force Multiplier: The advanced CATOBAR launch system will catapult 50-55 aircraft into action—from indigenous Tejas fighters to heavy drones—giving pilots the ability to launch heavier, fuel-loaded aircraft for longer-range missions than current ski-jump carriers

Massive Scale: This 65,000-tonne naval giant will dwarf India’s current carriers—nearly 50% bigger than INS Vikrant—stretching roughly 300 meters long with a 200-foot beam, making it a true maritime powerhouse

Nuclear Ambitions: DRDO is developing cutting-edge nuclear propulsion to power this beast, potentially making India only the third nation after the US and France to operate nuclear-powered carriers, though conventional engines remain as backup

Unlike its predecessors, Vishal is being planned as a much larger and technologically advanced vessel, Planned as nuclear powered if not it will be definitely more advanced then INS vikrant. designed to operate cutting-edge aircraft and strengthen India’s presence in the Indo-Pacific.

INS Vishal Current status and Capacity

Expected to be completed by 2032 INS Vishal received approval under TPCR‑2025 From MoD, Specification may be as
Missiles : Air To Air Barak-8 LR-SAM (Total 32–48 VLS), VL-MICA SR-SAM (total 16–24), NASM-MR anti-ship Missile
Guns: 2–4 × 30 mm AK-630/DRDO CIWS, and 4 × 76 mm OTO Melara guns.
Aircrafts : 50–55 Fighter Jets: TEDBF (future core), Rafale-M (interim), MiG-29K (legacy).
Rotorcraft & drones :Ka-31 AEW, MH-60R ASW/multi-role, ALH Dhruv utility/ASW, plus surveillance/strike UAVs and AEW UAV concepts (TBD)

Evolution of India’s Aircraft Carriers

India has a proud history of carrier operations:

• INS Vikrant (1961–1997) – India’s first carrier, acquired from the UK.
• INS Viraat (1987–2017) – the second carrier, also a British legacy ship.
• INS Vikramaditya (2013–present) – a refurbished Soviet carrier, currently operational.
• INS Vikrant (2022) – India’s first indigenous aircraft carrier, built at Cochin Shipyard.

The proposed INS Vishal would be the next step in this journey, building on the lessons of Vikrant while incorporating global best practices and future-ready technology.

Key Features Planned for INS Vishal

INS Vishal is envisioned as a 65,000-tonne carrier, significantly larger than the 40,000-tonne INS Vikrant. Some of the expected features include:

• CATOBAR launch system (Catapult Assisted Take-Off But Arrested Recovery), which allows the launch of heavier aircraft compared to STOBAR carriers.
• Possible integration of EMALS (Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System), similar to what the US Navy uses on Gerald R. Ford-class carriers.
• Capacity to carry 50–55 aircraft, including fighters, helicopters, and drones.
• Advanced radar, battle management systems, and missile defence for layered protection may be Barak-8.

Aircraft Likely to Operate from INS Vishal

The carrier will need aircraft that can take full advantage of CATOBAR operations. Some of the options being discussed are:

• Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) – DRDO’s indigenous naval fighter, expected in the 2030s. however trials of Tejas naval variant is carried out on INS Vikrant.
• Rafale M – recently shortlisted by the Indian Navy and also they being deployed in INS vikrant in upcoming days..
• F/A-18 Super Hornet – tested in Goa for STOBAR but compatible with CATOBAR as well.
• Carrier-based drones for surveillance and strike roles.

Why INS Vishal Is a Game Changer

Presently the system used in INS Vkrant is from STOBAR ,Now  CATOBAR system is planned for INS VISHAL. It will transform the Navy’s fighter jet numbers and also airpower. It allows launching heavier aircraft with more weapons and fuel, improves sortie rates, and makes the carrier more versatile in both offensive and defensive roles.

This means INS Vishal would not just be a sea control platform but also a power projection asset — crucial in the Indian Ocean and Indo-Pacific, where China is rapidly expanding its carrier fleet.

Challenges Ahead

While the vision is bold, there are major hurdles:

• Cost – Estimates suggest over $10–12 billion for the carrier alone.
• Technology – EMALS requires nuclear or advanced conventional propulsion.
• Timeline – Even if approved, construction and trials could take 12–15 years.
• Strategic Debate – Some argue that submarines and land-based aircraft may offer better value compared to another carrier.

Strategic Importance of INS Vishal

Despite the challenges, a carrier like Vishal would:

• Secure India’s blue-water capabilities.
• Act as a deterrent against regional adversaries.
• Enable India to conduct sustained operations in the Indo-Pacific.
• Strengthen strategic partnerships with the US, France, and other allies.

Current Status

As of now, INS Vishal is still in the concept and approval stage. The Indian Navy has been pushing for its clearance, but the government is carefully weighing cost, technology, and long-term benefits. Meanwhile, indigenous projects like TEDBF and unmanned carrier aircraft are being developed to ensure that, when Vishal does arrive, it will be equipped with a capable air wing.

Conclusion

INS Vishal represents India’s ambition to become blue water navy and establish itself as a global naval power. INS Vishal 4th aircraft carrier may be sails in the 2030s or later, the very debate around Vishal highlights the growing role of aircraft carriers in India’s maritime strategy. If approved and built, this 4th aircraft carrier could be the crown jewel of the Indian Navy, symbolizing both power projection and self-reliance in defence.

FAQ’s

Q1. What is INS Vishal?

It is a planned Indian Navy aircraft carrier, expected to be the largest in the fleet.

Q2. Why is INS Vishal significant?

It will expand India’s blue-water naval capability and support long-range operations.

Q3. What type of aircraft will it carry?

It is expected to operate both fighter jets and helicopters for multiple roles.

Q4. How is it different from INS Vikrant and INS Vikramaditya?

It will be larger, more advanced, and designed with next-generation technology.

Q5. What propulsion system is likely?

Discussions include advanced conventional or nuclear propulsion for greater endurance.